Thursday and Awbury

Avebury cottage

Part of The stone  circle of Avebury

 The following blog written in 2008 is about Avebury in England and Awbury in America, where the family of Oliver Cope set sail probably in 1682 for the new lands, they  might have been on the boat with William Penn of  Quaker fame.  There was quite a lot of dissent in England against the prevailing Protestant faith, and so many people emigrated, see Dissenters.  The blog came to mind because our American friends had also brought over someone's ashes to bury beneath the foot of one of the old stones at Avebury.  And I remember doing this piece of research for some sort of Avebury booklet and the fact that Julian Cope also lived nearby and had written 'The Modern Antiquarian'.  A book which has enlivened the lives of many a megalithic stone fan.

The Copes and their families became rich in America through subsequent generations, but the slightly saccharine poem of Mary Cope's does not seem to me to capture the true picture of Avebury at the time but then rose-coloured glasses might be the answer. 

 True it has not much changed over the centuries, the village within a stone circle.  Now a tourist centre of course but still you only need to pay for the car park.  Stonehenge dominates the stone circles of Britain but Avebury is much larger within its deep ditch.

From western lands beyond the foam,

We sought our English fathers' home

By few or known or sung.

Which 'neath the quiet English skies,

far from all busy haunts it lies

The wide chalk downs among.

Huge druid stones surround the spot,

Which else had almost been forgot

By the great world without.

The mystic ring now scarcely traced

Is by a grassy dike embraced,

Circling the whole about.

Deep hangs the thatch on cottage eaves,

And buried deep in ivy leaves

The cottage window gleam.

There little birds fly to and fro,

And happy children come and go

With rosy cheek and rustic walk,

They curtsy for the gentle folk,

As they the strangers deem.

With pinks and stocks the beds are gay

,And box and yew their shapes display

Fantastically trimmed.

And each small garden overflows

With scent of woodbine and of rose

Above the borders trim.

The ancient little Norman church,

With quaintly medieval porch,

Stands 'neath the elm tree tall

Sunk in the graveyard plot around,

The moss-grown headstones scarce are found

Few stoop the lettering to trace

Which time's rude hand will soon efface.

Some there may be of highborn race,

But none the names recall.

The many gabled manor house,

With winking casement sheen,

Seem in the summer light to drowse

And dream of what has been

And we may dream of earlier days

,When the old convent marked the place,

When nuns in gown and coif complete,

Paced the green paths with quiet feet,

And gather herbs and simples small

Beneath the high brick garden wall,

Finding a safe retreat.

Like some small nest securely placed,

With ferns and grass interlaced,

But open to the light,

The hamlets seem to lie at rest

Upon the common's ample breast,

Secure in loneliness of space

From aught that could the charm efface

Of innocence and old-world grace

Worn by ancestral right.

Home of sweet days and thankful nights,

Fair fall on thee the morning light,

Soft fall the evening dews.

Wild winds perchance may sweep the wold

But age, untouched by storm or cold,

In memory's sight thou standest there,

Encircled by serenest air,

In changeless summer hue.

Mary S Cope. 1886

This poem written so long ago in America by Mary Cope is written in tribute to Avebury. At first I was wary of its 19th century romanticism, but reading it again and again made me realise that it had a very special charm in its description of Avebury. After all it was an outside eye that was looking back at the stones and the village, and its neat little manor house serene in its garden. Though I think she got it somewhat wrong as to nuns being at the Priory when monks are mentioned in the history.

so what inspired such eloquence? Our ancestry haunts us all, and Mary Cope came from a strong Quaker family whose forebearers had travelled to America in the 17th Century.

Henry (1793-1865) had established a family 'enclave' at Germanstown and called it Awbury, their house and grounds now are part of the Awbury Arboretum and the following quote explains the reason as to why we find Mary S. Cope writing a poem about Avebury.

"The house he built on that land was named "Awbury" after the family ancestral home in the village of Avebury in Wiltshire, England; as the nineteenth century progressed, the name came to indicate the entire enclave and not just Cope's dwelling. John Haines's and Henry Cope's tracts were augmented with purchases made by Henry's son Francis on the southwest and south later in the nineteenth century. The family enclave was expanded in 1885 with a purchase of land

made by Clementine Cope, Henry's niece, in 1885."

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But lets go back to the original Oliver Cope - a tailor who lived in Avebury and took that momentous step to emigrate to America. Gilbert Cope in his genealogy of the Cope family (186l) seems to think that Oliver was not a Quaker when he left England with his wife Rebecca, they seemed to have had three children at Avebury - William, Ruth, and John, Elizabeth being born in America, Oliver must have left England in about 1682, and could have travelled on the same boat as William Penn who also made a voyage in that year. In a Deed of Land he seems to have bought 250 acres from William Penn in the province of Pennsylvania, this he must have done in England as the Deed is dated 1681.

"This indenture made the 5th day of September in the year of our Lord 1681, and in the thirty-third year of the reign of King Charles the second over England, between William Penn of Worminghurst in the County of Sussex and Oliver Cope of Awbury, in the County of Wiltshire, tailor, on the other part witnesseth that the said William Penn, for and in the consideration of the sum of five shillings of lawful money of England to him in hand paid by the said Oliver Cope, the receipt whereof he doeth hereby acknowledge, have bargained and sold, and by these presents doth bargain and sell into the said Oliver Cope, the full and just proportion and quantity of 250 acres within the province of Pennsylvannia"

There is a lovely note by Gilbert Cope at the end of the page in which he states "Abury (sometimes spelt Awbury, Aveburg or Auburn) is an unimportant village in Wiltshire,

about 8l miles west of London. There are none of the Cope name living in or near it at present, neither does the name appear on the family register"

Oliver's arrival in America has a somewhat mixed account in Gilbert Cope's book, Mary is given at one stage as his wife that accompanied him on the voyage and that he came on the boat with William Penn (on his second voyage) in 1701.* This account can probably be considered a bit whimsical, though it does say that they landed at Nameen's Creek (the place where Oliver died) as Oliver's will definitely states Rebecca as his wife.

There is also a note that in May 1682 William Penn sent to Thomas Holme - Surveyor General - a list of the people who had purchased land and Oliver Cope is listed as having five hundred acres. So it would seem that Oliver bought this land whilst he was  in England, probably making two purchases of 250 acres at separate times, the dream of an American future winning over a drab existence in a small Wiltshire village.

John Cope one of Oliver's children is seen as the founding member of the Cope dynasty in America and a prominent Quaker member.

Genealogy notes; The original Oliver Cope was born at Avebury in approximately 1647 he died in April in 1697 at Naaman's Creek DE..

Mary Stokes Cope; Her mother was Elizabeth Waln Stokes (1823-1902) and her father Thomas P. Cope (1823-1900). They had 9 children, including Mary Stokes Cope.

 https://northstoke.blogspot.com/2012/07/awbury-cope-family.html